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Richard Jason Ofshe is an American sociologist and Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the advisory board of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation advocacy organization〔(False Memory Syndrome Foundation official website, advisory board listing )〕 and is known for his expert testimony relating to coercion in small groups, confessions, and interrogations. ==False memories== Ofshe lists his areas of interest to be coercive social control, social psychology, influence in police interrogation, and influence leading to pseudo-memory in psychotherapy. Ofshe has been characterized as a "world-renowned expert on influence interrogation".〔(Public Defender Awards ), Florida Public Defender Association, Craig Stewart Barnard Award〕 He believes that coerced confessional testimony is extremely unreliable and stated in a ''Time Magazine'' article that "Recovered memory therapy will come to be recognized as the quackery of the 20th century."〔(Lies of the Mind: Repressed-memory therapy is harming patients, devastating families and intensifying a backlash against mental-health practitioners ), Time Magazine, 29 November 1993, LEON JAROFF〕 In a more recent ''Time Magazine'' article in 2005, Ofshe is quoted as saying that false testimony does not just occur through coercion, but may also occur in instances of "exhaustion or mental impairment." However, he also stated that it is only recently that juries have been allowed to hear expert testimony about these kinds of theories.〔(True Confessions? ), ''Time Magazine'', December 12, 2005. A 2002 study from Northwestern University showed that 59% of all miscarriages of justice in homicide investigations in Illinois--where a year later Governor George Ryan commuted all death sentences--involved false confessions. But despite such evidence, few confessions are ever thrown out. According to Richard J. Ofshe, a social psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and an expert in false confessions, only recently have juries been allowed to hear testimony about the phenomenon, which can occur as a result of coercion, exhaustion or mental impairment. The juries in the Norfolk trials were not among those. Many experts say the solution is to require police to videotape all interrogations and confessions of suspects in capital cases, as is the law in Minnesota, Illinois, Alaska and Maine.〕 John E. Reid, developer of an interrogation method called the Reid technique that Ofshe and others have argued can lead to false confessions, is a primary critic of Ofshe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Ofshe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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